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A series of benzimidazole-based liquid crystal compounds containing laterally difluoro-substituted and ethynyl linking groups, namely, 2-(4-(2-(2,3-difluoro-4-(alkoxy) phenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)-1-methyl-1 H-benzimidazolem derivatives  (nPF(2,3)EPMx) , are synthesised and investigated for their mesomorphic properties. These compounds mainly display enantiotropic nematic mesophases in the ranges of 32.0–44.5°C (heating process) and 50.0–64.0°C (cooling process).  10PF(2,3)EPMx  exhibits lower clearing points and broader nematic phase ranges than nonfluorinated reference compound  10PEPMx , because of their slightly increased dipole moment.  nPF(2,3)EPMx  displays much larger theoretical birefringence (0.43–0.55) and experimental birefringence (0.42–0.53) than the common tolane-based liquid crystals, which is ascribed to its large π-conjugated molecule composed of benzene core, ethynyl linking group and benzimidazole terminated unit. The theory results of three-dimensional molecular conformations with dipole moment ( µ ), ratio of length to width (L/W), polarisability anisotropy (Δ α ) and average polarisability (Δ α ) calculated with density functional theory are also helpful in explaining the experimental results.

liquid crystals

The influence of the benzimidazole-based nematic liquid crystals containing ethynyl and difluoro-substitution on mesomorphic and birefringence properties