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Four series of azo/ester/azo four-rings homologues, namely, 4-substituted phenylazo-3-methyl phenyl-4′-n-alkoxy 3-methyl phenylazo benzoates ( Ina-d ), bearing two terminals substituents, the first is a compact polar group (X = methoxy, methyl, H and bromo) and the other terminal is an alkoxy group of varying chain length (n = 6 to 16), were prepared and their molecular structures confirmed. Their thermotropic behaviours were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarising optical microscopy (POM). TGA analysis revealed that the prepared materials are thermally stable within their mesophase temperature range. Irrespective of the polarity of X and/or the alkoxy chain length all compounds showed to display a nematic phase with high thermal stability and wide temperature range. The methoxy homologues showed to exhibit higher thermal stabilities. Comparing the nematic stability of the di-laterally dimethyl substituted ( Inc ) derivatives with X = CH 3 , with their previously reported mono-laterally methyl-substituted analogues ( IInc ) revealed that  In chomologues have thermal stabilities and mesophase temperature ranges lower than their corresponding analogues  IInc . The effect of introducing the two lateral methyl groups on the extent of anisotropic polarisability of the whole molecule was discussed and their effect on the mesophase behaviour investigated. The photo-physical property was studied via UV-vis spectroscopy.

Steric effect of di-lateral methyl substituent on the mesophase behavior of four-ring azo/ester/azo homologues