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Liquid crystals have served as model materials for observing re-entrant phases, now known among a plethora of condensed matter systems spanning from superconductors to proteins. Sadashiva synthesised the organic compounds for the work from Raman Research Institute that laid the claim for having observed a re-entrant nematic in a single component material at atmospheric pressure. With no exception, the presence of such a re-entrant nematic necessitates the existence of an Intermediate smectic phase. After nearly half a century of this ground-breaking research, chemical and thermodynamic routes are well known for the relative stability of the smectic and re-entrant nematic. Here we describe some recent results and new research looking at other pathways to stabilise the smectic phase at the cost of the re-entrant structure. Specifically, we have employed additives such as carbon nanotubes, a non-aromatic polymer and photoisomerisation associated shape change of the molecules to achieve this target. A judicious combination of the nanophase segregation mechanism and the frustrated spin gas model can explain most of these observations. However, the phase diagram obtained in the temperature – intensity of actinic light phase spaces cannot be fully understood by these explanations, for which we have invoked other possible mechanisms.

Multiple pathways to stabilize/induce an ordered phase in a system exhibiting a reentrant sequence