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Two series of symmetric LC dimers with the same rigid group and different fluorine terminal group (F and F 3 C) have been synthesised by varying the length of flexible spacers, termed 1 F series ( 1 F-4, 1 F-6, 1 F-8 ) and 3 F series ( 3 F-4, 3 F-6, 3 F-8 ). Chemical structures and LC properties of the six symmetric LC dimers were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrometer ( 1 H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and polarised optical microscopy (POM). The 1 F series dimers only show nematic phase. While for 3 F series, smectic phase appeared, and with the increase of flexible spacers, the smectic phase is dominant. For the formation of smectic phase of 3 F series, the larger intermolecular transverse force coming from CF 3  may be the driving force, and the long flexible spacer makes it possible. The melting temperatures of the 1 F series and 3 F series gradually decrease as the length of the flexible spacer increases, respectively, indicating that molecular rigidity has a greater influence on the melting temperatures. The melting temperatures of the 3 F series dimers decrease faster, which may attribute to the influence of CF 3  on the conformation of the dimers.

The influence of fluorine terminal group and flexible spacers on properties of the liquid crystal dimers