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Europium nitrate, ammonium tungstate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide were used, and Eu-doped WO 3  (WO 3 :Eu 3+ ) nanopowder was synthesized by the micro-emulsion method. Tetraethyl silicate was hydrolysed into SiO 2  and WO 3 :Eu 3+  nanopowder coated with SiO 2  (SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+ ) was obtained. The microstructure and morphology of the prepared nano-SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+  powders were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM. Results showed that the prepared nano-SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+  powders composed of WO 3  of monoclinic and SiO 2  of amorphous, which was spherical and granular, and the grain size reaches 50   nm. The tribological behaviour of nano-SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+  as extreme pressure and anti-wear additive in the water-based fluid was studied by a four-ball machine. The results demonstrate that nano-SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+  exhibits superior load-bearing capacity, anti-wear and anti-friction performance in water-based fluid, especially when the optimal concentration of nano-SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+  is 0.4 wt-%. WSD, COF and wear volume of the nano-SiO 2 /WO 3 :Eu 3+  decreased by 62.43%, 30.20% and 67.34%, respectively, compared with that of the water-based fluid.

Tribological of Eu-doped WO 3 coated with SiO 2 transfer film formation on sliding surface