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In the current study, surface modification of the steel was carried out with the in-situ formation of TiC in the bainite matrix using tungsten inert gas (TIG) arcing. The actual arcing parameters were optimised after thermal simulation considering the final phase transformation. Various characterisation techniques revealed the formation of fine nano as well as micron-sized in-situ grown titanium carbide precipitate within the bainite matrix. The morphology and coherency of fine TiC were analysed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the modified surface were significantly improved owing to the combined effect of bainite and TiC formation. The coherent precipitates indicate superior wear resistance with the absence of pull-out particle during sliding wear.

Surface modification by in-situ grown TiC in the bainitic matrix using TIG arcing