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The microstructures and mechanical properties of the  in situ  Mg–4Si–6Ni– x Y ( x  = 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt-% Y) composites were studied in this research. Y addition and hot extrusion improved ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values by refining the grains, Mg 2 Si intermetallic and blocky  χ -phase within the structure. The addition of 0.9 wt-%Y reduced the grain size from ∼435 to ∼180 µm in the cast state and enhanced the UTS amounts from 159 MPa for the as-cast state to 295 MPa in hot extruded condition. After hot extrusion, grain refinement was an effective strengthening mechanism that increased the toughness values. Microscopic fracture studies displayed several cleavage planes in the cast state and more dimples in the extruded form.

Microstructures and mechanical performance of Mg–4Si–6Ni– x Y in situ composite after extrusion process