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The heating characteristics of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) radiation were investigated  in vivo  in two body regions of healthy humans according to the quality standards of the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO) using an irradiance (infrared-A) of 146 W m −2  as recommended for clinical superficial hyperthermia (HT). wIRA was applied to the abdominal wall and lumbar region for 60 min. Skin surface temperature was limited to ≤43 °C. Tissue temperatures were measured invasively at 1-min intervals before, during and after wIRA exposure using five fiber-optical probes at depths of 1–20 mm. Significant differences between body regions occurred during the heating-up phase at depths of 5–15 mm. Thermal steady states were reached at depths ≤5 mm after exposures of 5–6 min, and ≤20 mm after 20 min. On average, the minimum requirements of ESHO were exceeded in both regions by the following factors: ≈3 for the heating rate, ≈2 for the specific absorption rate and ≈1.4 for the temperature rise. Tissue depths with  T90  ≥ 40 °C and  T50  &gt; 41 °C were ≤10 mm, and ≤20 mm for  Tmax  ≤ 43 °C. The temperature decay time after termination of irradiation was 1–5 min. Corresponding temperatures were ≤42.2 °C for CEM 43  and ≤41.8 °C for CEM 43T90 , i.e., they are inadequate for direct thermal cell killing. Thermography-controlled wIRA-HT complies with the ESHO criteria for superficial HT as a radiosensitizer and avoids the risk of thermal skin toxicity.

international journal of hyperthermia

Clinical wIRA-hyperthermia: heating properties and effectiveness in lower trunk regions and its accordance with ESHO quality criteria for superficial hyperthermia