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To investigate the survival benefit of thermal ablation (TA) plus chemotherapy for Stage-IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). From the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, data of Stage-IV NSCLC patients receiving different treatment modalities (TA plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy) from 2004 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed using propensity-score matching (PSM) for covariates. Kaplan–Meier curves and the log-rank test for intergroup comparison of overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and subgroup analyses in the PSM cohort evaluated possible survival benefits. Cox proportional risk models evaluated independent prognostic factors. Among 52,574 patients, 152 received TA plus chemotherapy. After PSM, the TA plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy groups included 150 and 445 patients, respectively. Compared to the chemotherapy group, the TA plus chemotherapy group had better OS ( p  = 0.042) and LCSS ( p  = 0.031), especially in patients aged 70 and older in age-stratified subgroup analysis; no statistically significant beneficial trend was noted for patients younger than 70 years. Subgroup analysis by tumor size showed superior OS and LCSS with TA plus chemotherapy than chemotherapy for tumors ≤3.0 cm; however, no significant difference was found in subgroups with larger tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that TA plus chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS and LCSS (hazard ratio 0.70 [95% confidence interval 0.59–0.84] and 0.70 [0.58–0.84], respectively;  p  &lt; 0.001). TA plus chemotherapy is a potential treatment option for Stage-IV NSCLC, especially for patients aged 70 or older with tumor size ≤3 cm.

Survival benefit of thermal ablation combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer: a propensity-matched analysis