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How streamflow responds to changing environments is critical for a better understanding of hydrological processes in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of southwest China. The Budyko framework and slope change ratio of cumulative quantity method (SCRCQ) were used to identify and quantify the contributions of changing environmental factors to streamflow variations for eight catchments in the region. Sensitivity analysis showed that inter-annual variation in runoff over 1960–2016 was more sensitive to land characteristics than to climatic factors. Climatic factors contributed -95 to 261% to runoff variations, whereas land characteristics contributed -161 to 195%. Parametervalues increased linearly as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) increased over time, which was also related to the fraction of carbonate rocks in these catchments. Vegetation cover, topography, and underlying geology as catchment characteristics in addition to climate affect the streamflow variations in the karst region of southwest China.

Response of runoff variation to the changing environments of karst regions in southwest China