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This study focuses on changes of biogeochemical parameters related to variable rainfall-runoff conditions and to land cover types for eight headwater catchments in Central Europe. Linear regression, Spearman rank correlation, principal component analysis and C/Q (concentration – discharge) hysteresis loops revealed the main relationships. The presence of peatbogs and waterlogged spruce forests had a decisive influence on the biogeochemistry (COD = chemical oxygen demand measured using the permanganate method Mn , humins, Fe, P-PO 43−  TP = total phosphorus, N-NO 3− ). The strongest positive correlation of organic matter and Fe is represented in a catchment with the largest area of damaged forest (70%), but with a smaller proportion of waterlogged areas (8%). High flow rates influence greater release of organic matter and N-NO 3− . The catchment with the highest (80%) peatbog cover and the catchment that had undergone revitalization showed similar behaviour in terms of water biogeochemistry. The type of rainfall-runoff event affected the velocity of pH changes, whereas the variability in electric conductivity was also controlled by the catchment characteristics and hydrological preconditions.

Headwaters biogeochemistry focused on different rainfall-runoff conditions, and the role of waterlogged areas: a comparative study of Czech mountains