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Grinding is the final step in machine tool processing; it affects the accuracy and surface roughness of the machined parts. This study aims to improve the static and dynamic performance of precision grinding machines and reduce their deformation and avoid resonance. Based on the static characteristic analysis, the maximum deformation of the spindle head was determined to be 134 μm, which was reduced to 40 μm by applying a counterweight to the design. The first two modal frequencies obtained from the modal analysis were 26.9 and 27.7 Hz. The vibration of the second mode directly affected the processing accuracy of the machine. The vibration frequency and vibration modes of the structure were verified using the simulation results. These experiments and simulations helped improve the performance of the precision grinding machines. A transient response analysis method was implemented to investigate the influence of applied force during the simulation process, and experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the machine. As the saddle was increased by 200 mm, the modal frequency of the machine increased by 26% and reached 35.0 Hz. Our redesigning helped increase the modal frequency and avoid resonance at 30 Hz.

Simulation, modeling, and experimental verification of moving column precision grinding machine