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A simple and effective approach was introduced to modify natural calcium-rich sepiolite (SEP) by  in situ  deposition of nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHAP) to improve SEP’s surface properties and adsorption potential to aqueous As(III). The obtained SEP-nHAP nanocomposites were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and BET analysis. Adsorption of As(III) on SEP-nHAP was evaluated as a function of pH, contact time, coexisting anions, initial As(III) concentration, and temperature. Results showed that modification of SEP by nHAP deposition significantly increased the surface area of the SEP from 3.05 to 76.56 m 2 /g, and As(III) removal by SEP-nHAP nanocomposite was optimal at a pH range of 6.0–8.5 and at 2 h equilibrium time. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well to the Sips and Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.34 mg/g, which outperformed not only the pure SEP but also many other reported adsorbents. In addition, the kinetics analysis revealed that the As(III) adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The primary mechanisms for As(III) adsorption included electrostatic interaction, the formation of complexation among As(III) species, and surface hydroxyl groups of nHAP. Furthermore, the SEP-nHAP adsorbent could be easily regenerated and reused with only a slight reduction in the As(III) adsorption capacity. Therefore, SEP-nHAP can be a suitable candidate for removing As(III) from groundwater.

Phosphoric acid-induced activation of sepiolite for enhanced As(III) adsorption: role of in situ deposition of nano-hydroxyapatite