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Interfacial and aggregation behavior of sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) in aqueous ionic liquid (IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) medium were investigated. Studies were also carried out in the presence of NaBF 4 . Both IL and NaBF 4  reduce the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of bile salts, determined by surface tension, conductance, and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques; effect of NaBF 4  is more prominent than IL. CMC of NaC was higher than NaDC because of its higher hydrophilicity. IL, in addition to its salt-like behavior, results in associative interaction with the bile salts. Surface excess (Г max ), surface pressure at the CMC (π CMC ) were evaluated from surface tension data. Г max  and π CMC  values gradually decreased with increasing the IL and NaBF 4  concentration. Negative Gibbs free energy change for micellization (Δ G0mic ) and interfacial adsorption (Δ G0ads ) indicate spontaneity of micellization and interfacial adsorption, however to different magnitude. Fraction of counter ion dissociation, evaluated from conductance data, systematically decreased with increasing IL and NaBF 4  concentration. Aggregation number, determined by fluorescence quenching method, increased with increasing IL and NaBF 4  concentration that are in consonance with the size of the aggregates, determined by dynamic light scattering study. IL induced the formation of larger facial aggregates by bile salts; the effect was more imperative in case of NaDC than NaC. In case of NaBF 4  the opposite trend was recorded. Such systems are considered to have potential application where the dual benefit of both a surfactant and an IL are warranted.

Effect of ionic liquid on the micellization behavior of bile salts in aqueous medium