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Among dinoflagellates, extant cladopyxidaceans may provide a missing link to better understand the first evolutionary transformations from ancestral configurations toward the more abundant and more derived patterns in Gonyaulacales and Peridiniales. A restudy of the extant, motile-defined  Micracanthodinium setiferum  using plankton samples from the Indian and Atlantic oceans and the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates that the correct plate formula is Po, Pt, X, 3′ + *4′, 4a, 7′′, 7C, 4S, ?6′′′, 0p, 2′′′′. A ventral pore is found between 1′, 3′ and *4′. A restudy of the extinct, fossil-defined  Cladopyxidium saeptum  from the upper Paleocene of Delaware (USA), demonstrated the presence of an identical tabulation. A ventral pore (= porichnion) was positioned between *1′ and 7′′.  Cladopyxidium  is morphologically closer to  Micracanthodinium  than to  Cladopyxis . Since  Cladopyxidium  has been extinct since the middle Eocene, it is unlikely that  Micracanthodinium  and  Cladopyxidium  have a direct biological link; the close morphological similarity between them does, however, suggest an important phylogenetic relationship between them in the evolution of cladopyxidaceans.

palynology

A morphological comparison of two cladopyxidacean dinoflagellates: the extant  Micracanthodinium setiferum  and the fossil  Cladopyxidium saeptum  (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales)