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Soil pollution is an increasing environmental problem in all developing countries. Salinity and heavy metal stress increase the oxidative stress in plants and lead to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, decreases the production of anti-oxidant enzymes and decreases the rate of plant growth. In the current study, pea plants were grown in the botanical garden GCU, Lahore under stress of salinity and copper. In second stage, these plants were given the treatments of silicon nanoparticles and silicon nano-doped biochar. The salinity and copper effects were observed on different parameters of plant growth. Silicon nanoparticles and silicon-doped biochar proved to be the most effective in improving seedling fresh weight (70%) shoot length (68%), vitality index (82%), germination percentage (16%), seed vigor index (38%), and chlorophyll content (46%) under salinity and copper stress. Biochar, on the other hand, effectively improved root length (37%), total seedling length (55%), germination index (10%), and catalase (21%). Silicon nanoparticles and biochar proved to be most effective in decreasing total phenolics (11%) and total protein content (13%). Therefore, it is concluded that the application of Si-NPs and silicon-doped biochar can enhance plants resistance against saline-sodic and metal contaminated soil and can mitigate these stresses.

Influence of silicon doped biochar on germination and defense mechanisms of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) under copper and salinity stresses