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Cyclocarya paliurus  has been used as tea production and medicine in China. In order to identify  C. paliurus  preference for absorption of nitrogen (N) nutrition and the relationship between C/N ratio and growth, effects of five NO 3− /NH 4+  ratio treatments on growth, N absorption and metabolism of  C. paliurus  seedlings were investigated. Compared to NH 4+  as a sole N source, the seedlings supplied with a sole NO 3−  source had higher growth rate, percent of nitrogen derived from nitrogen fertilizer (NDFF), N content and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, mixed nitrate-ammonium nutrition improved growth and NUE in  C. paliurus  seedling, while an equal mixed ratio nutrition induced the highest NDFF and seedling growth. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities in leaves and roots showed a decreased trend with decreasing NO 3−  in growth medium, whereas the highest glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOAGT) activities were detected at the equal mixed ratio of NO 3− /NH 4+ . Regression analysis showed that activities of the N-assimilated enzymes were positively correlated with NUE and N content in  C. paliurus  seedlings, but the seedling growth was negatively and significantly correlated with C/N ratio. Our study demonstrated that  C. paliurus  preferred NO 3−  over NH 4+  in N nutrition, but an equal mixed ratio of NO 3− /NH 4+  would best improve seedling growth and nitrogen use efficiency. This study would provide a basis for manipulating nitrogen fertilization in  C. paliurus  plantations.

Response of nitrogen use efficiency, N-assimilating enzymes and growth in Cyclocarya paliurus seedlings to different nitrogen nutrition