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A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus and plant growth promoting rhizobacterium on maize ( Zea may  L.) growth as well as nutrient concentrations under different levels of boron (B). Five levels of B (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg B kg −1  as boric acid) and four levels of microbial inoculants (non-inoculation,  Rhizophagus intraradices ,  Micrococcus yunnanensis , and co-inoculation) were used. Shoot and root dry weights significantly decreased as B levels increased. An increase in plant growth was observed at the levels of 10 and 20 mg B kg −1  due to microbial inoculation especially mycorrhization. Shoot and root dry weights positively correlated with shoot phosphorus concentration and root colonization. At the level of 40 mg B kg −1 , root colonization significantly decreased. Shoot iron, copper, sodium and zinc concentrations significantly increased under excessive B concentrations. Totally, B application at low quantity improved plant growth while at higher rates it seemed toxic. Nonetheless, the inoculation of bacterium and arbuscular mycorrhiza had a more alleviative effect when the plant was exposed to excess B.

Mitigation effects of Rhizophagus intraradices and Micrococcus yunnanensis on boron toxicity in maize ( Zea may L.) plant