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The present  in vitro  study evaluated the effect of titanium nanotubes (nTiO 2 ) application on high translucent zirconia (Copra Supreme, Whitepeaks) on shear bond strength values with different self-adhesive resin cements (Panavia V5, G-Cem One, and Variolink Esthetic DC). One hundred and forty-eight specimens were prepared and randomly divided into four groups ( n  = 37) according to surface treatment groups (air-abraded sintered zirconia, air-abraded pre-sintered zirconia, application of nTiO 2  on zirconia, and application of nTiO 2  on air-abraded zirconia). nTiO 2  were produced by alkaline hydrothermal synthesis, mixed with isopropyl alcohol (50 wt%), and applied on pre-sintered zirconia. The surface roughness (Ra) was examined. Sintered surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (Fe-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Surface treatment groups were randomly divided into three subgroups according to self-adhesive resin cement ( n  = 12). Luting procedures were performed and specimens were stored in water at 21 °C for 6 months before the shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. Fe-Sem images and EDS confirmed the incorporation of nTiO 2  on zirconia. Surface treatment methods affected the Ra of zirconia ( p  &lt; .001). Surface treatment method ( p  = .013) and self-adhesive resin cement ( p  &lt; .001) affected shear bond strength values. The lowest shear bond strength values were achieved in applied nTiO 2  on high translucent zirconia specimens ( p  &lt; .05). The lowest shear bond strength values were determined in the Variolink Esthetic DC group ( p  &lt; .05). Application of nTiO 2  on air-abraded high translucent zirconia surface had no significant effect on the shear bond strength ( p  &gt; .05).

Does incorporation of TiO 2 nanotubes in air-abraded high translucent zirconia influence shear bond strength?*