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The contact time dependence of adhesion force is not well understood. Adhesion forces between a tipless silica cantilever and some samples with different hydrophilicity were measured to study the dependence at low relative humidity (16 ± 1%). Dependent adhesion forces were observed on hydrophilic samples. The adhesion force has three distinct trends: sharply increasing at first, then followed by moderately increasing and at last remaining almost unchanged (reaching saturation). The saturation time is varied for different samples: from several seconds to tens of seconds. The more hydrophilic the sample surface is, the longer the saturation time is. The increasing tendency is well explained by a model of water thin-film flow. It takes some time for the liquid absorbed on a surface to flow into a growing water bridge due to a large viscosity. The viscosity of the film on a more hydrophilic sample may be larger because of stronger interaction between the film and the sample surface, eventually resulting in a longer saturation time. The reported results may help deepen the understanding of the mechanism of adhesion and explain other experimental results concerning AFM parameters.

Dependence of adhesion force on contact time due to water thin-film flow revealed with an AFM cantilever at low humidity