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There is an increasing interest in the use of noninvasive monitoring methods, such as the use of chemical profiles obtained from noninvasive samples. Here, we propose the use of carboxylic and sulfonic acids profiles obtained from scats as a noninvasive tool to identify mammalian carnivoran species and for sex determination. We used High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) detection system (HPLC-LIF) to retrieve carboxylic and sulfonic acids profiles from scats of five mammalian carnivores:  Puma concolor, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis  and  Felis catus  (all Felidae) and  Nasua nasua  (Procyonidae). We were able to unambiguously identify the species and determinate the sex for all fecal samples through the pattern of presence-absence of carboxylic and sulfonic acids (digital coding). The method allowed the discrimination of the evaluated species of the Carnivora, even between closely related and ecologically similar felids. Moreover, our method is low cost and can be executed in a short period of time. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate if the method’s discriminatory power is applicable to other mammalian species. Additionally, the method’s potential to ascertain other intraspecific traits such as age, identity, reproductive and health status is yet to be determined.

studies on neotropical fauna and environment

Take a good catch at the scat: carboxylic and sulfonic acid profiles as a non-invasive tool for species identification and sex determination in neotropical carnivores