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In this study, we examined whether the genetic diversity of  Didelphis marsupialis  is structured or their populations maintain high gene flow as expected in common species. Forty-eight Tomahawk traps were set for four consecutive nights in The Highlands and the Central Depression, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Eight microsatellites were amplified to examine genetic diversity. Genetic structure was evaluated in terms of the null allele-corrected pairwise global  Fst  estimates, according to the ENA and INA methods. An Analysis of Molecular Variance and a Bayesian analysis were carried out classifying the opossums by region and population. We found a moderate genetic diversity ( He  = 0.57–0.62) and an intermediate genetic differentiation between population ( Fst  = 0.11,  P  = 0.009). Genetic distances showed a closer relationship between individuals from populations that had a similar disturbance level. The Bayesian analysis showed a marked structure both between regions and between populations. Our results show in the common opossum moderate levels of gene flow, limited possibly by the habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic disturbance. Further genetics studies and conservation efforts on this marsupial are recommended. Our findings are relevant for the conservation of common marsupial species in Mexico.

Population genetics of the common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis (Marsupialia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), in southeastern Mexico