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Chironomidae (Diptera) are among the few insects with representatives that emerge during temperate winters; past work shows winter-emerging species are long-lived. We extend previous studies, examining the influence that varying air temperatures have on longevity and oviposition rates, and whether oviposition status impacts longevity. Adult chironomids ( n  = 339) were collected during winter of 2020 near a spring-fed stream in Camden State Park (Minnesota, USA). Insects were separated into 2 °C, 6 °C, and ambient outdoor (AO) temperature treatment groups to determine differential longevity and oviposition rates. Behaviours were monitored daily until death. The 2 °C group lived significantly longer than both 6 °C and AO groups, with mean longevities of 19.8, 14.9, and 13.9 days, respectively. Additionally, females held at 6 °C appear to have higher oviposition rates compared to 2 °C and AO groups. Results suggest low temperatures may delay or inhibit oviposition, suggesting a potential tradeoff of oviposition rate in favour of longevity.

Longevity and oviposition of winter-emerging Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) at varying low temperatures