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This study describes the biological activities of six Moroccan essential oils against adults of  Varroa destructor  and young pupae of  A. mellifera  under laboratory conditions. The obtained results show that the tested essential oils exhibit a toxic and repellent effect against  V. destructor  adults and are less toxic for young pupae of  A. mellifera . Indeed,  Thymus willdenowii  essential oil exhibits the highest acaricidal effect against  V. destructor  adults (LC 50  = 1.04 and LC 90  = 5.12 µL/L air), followed by  Thymus munbyanus  (LC 50  = 2.26 and LC 90  = 6.78 µL/L air),  Lavandula maroccana  (LC 50  = 2.49 and LC 90  = 8.41 µL/L air) and  Mentha pulegium  (LC 50  = 3.19 and LC 90  = 9.66 µL/L air). The highest repellent effect for the studied essential oils against  V. destructor  adults was observed for  T. willdenowii  essential oil (ED 50  = 0.42 and ED 90  = 1.26 µL/L air). Regarding the insecticidal effect, all tested essential oils revealed lower toxicity against young pupae of  A. mellifera  compared to their acaricidal activity.  Artemisia herba-alba  essential oil (LC 50  = 10.53 µL/L air, LC 90  = 18.62 µL/L air) produces high mortality against young pupae of  A. mellifera  among tested essential oils. The bioactivities of different essential oils were discussed based on their bioactive compounds.

Biological activities of essential oils from Moroccan plants against the honey bee ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor