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This study examines all completed mass school shooting offenders (1966–2021) using a behavioral sequence analysis of their stressors, antisocial behaviors, mental health issues, and planning/preparation activities. We also conduct isolated analyses of K-12 and college shooters. Findings illustrate a multitude of factors along the sequence from birth to attack for all offenders, with several differences between K-12 and college shooters. We highlight key behaviors and experiences that may warrant increased vigilance by bystanders and offer potential points of intervention for authorities. Ultimately, this study’s findings enable an understanding of the culmination of lived experiences that contribute to the decision to engage in an attack, and we point to directions for future research examining mass school shooters’ pathways to violence.

deviant behavior

A Behavioral Sequence Analysis of Mass School Shooters Examining Stressors, Antisocial Behaviors, Mental Health Issues, and Planning and Preparation Activities