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5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) often makes chemotherapy patients suffer from physical and psychological suffering.  Kappaphycus alvarezii  (KA) is known for its potent multiple biological activities from decades. In the current study, we explored the effect of sun-dried and air-dried  Kappaphycus alvarezii  as a whole food supplement on 5-FU-induced IM. Diets supplemented with sun-dried  Kappaphycus alvarezii  (SKA, 3%), air-dried  Kappaphycus alvarezii  (AKA, 3%), and 5-aminosalicylic acid (0.005%) for consecutive14 days. While intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (50 mg/kg) induced IM for last three consecutive days, and IM was assessed by the disease activity index (DAI) and inflammatory cytokine levels. Pretreatment of KA could alleviate phenotypic index, inhibit the increase of DAI, and reverse villus/crypt ratio. On the 14th day, AKA significantly increased the weight growth rate of the mice. The intervention of SKA significantly reduced the level of TNF-α and IL-1β ( P  &lt; 0.01,  P  &lt; 0.01), while the intervention of AKA significantly inhibited the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and LT ( P  &lt; 0.01,  P  &lt; 0.01,  P  &lt; 0.001). Therefore, these results showed that KA as a whole food supplement might be prevent the 5-FU-induced IM. For the first time suggest that the use of AKA might be more effective than SKA despite exact mechanism still needs further study.

Sun-Dried and Air-Dried Kappaphycus alvarezii Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice