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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide.  Medemia argun  (MA) fruits have been found to possess proanthocyanidins (PACs), having antioxidant activity.  Methods:  Intraperitoneal (IP) diethyl nitrosamine (DENA; 200 mg/kg, once) and carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 , 3 ml/kg/week, subcutaneously, for 6 weeks) induced HCC in rats. Animals groups: Group I; received vehicle (control). Group II; received MA seed extract, 100 mg/kg (twice/week) for 12 weeks, IP. Group III; received carcinogenic agents only. Group IV; received MA for two weeks before administration of DENA/CCl 4  till the end of the experiment. The total period of the experiment was three months.  Results:  DENA and CCl4 induced HCC, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver size, weight, tissue lymphocytic infiltration, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, collagen fiber and polysaccharide deposition, cellular proliferation, excessive pro-apoptotic caspase-3 accumulation, disrupted apoptosis. MA prior to DENA/CCl 4 , significantly protected liver against cancer progression, indicated by serum enzymes, antioxidant markers(glutathione, nitric oxide, and depressed malondialdehyde contents) in the MA-pretreated group, compared to the HCC one, without apparent useful action on superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced apoptosis in liver, through increased casapase-3 expression. The HCC group showed decreased antioxidant defense and BAX/ Bcl-2  ratio.  Conclusions:  This study assumes that MA has a chemo-preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis.

Possible Protective Potency of Argun Nut ( Medemia argun – An Ancient Egyptian Palm) against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats