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About 3,000–5,000 Estonians who served in the imperial Russian army in World War I ended up as prisoners of war (POWs) in German prison camps. Initially, they were treated as any other ‘Russians’ and endured malnutrition, backbreaking labor, and harsh treatment by the guards. From 1917, however, as Germany settled on the strategic aim of conquering the whole of the Baltic region, they began to be subjected to special treatment with the goal of making them more ‘German-friendly.’ The new German policies meant better living conditions, but also some exposure to German propaganda. This article considers the impact of these German policies on the lived experience of the Estonian POWs.

German propaganda and the special treatment of Estonian prisoners of war in Germany in World War I