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Performing pairwise comparisons (PCs) that reflect preferences between pairs of decision-making elements is an approach widely used in decision modelling. For complex problems, the number of elements to be pairwise compared may be very large, something that may lead to a final calculation of not well-supported priorities and, as a consequence, to the drawing of wrong practical conclusions. Decision-making must usually be performed from the available incomplete body of information, and this article explores the possibility of producing reliable results by using just a sample of comparisons. We analyse and solve two specific cases of considerable interest: the sample consists of: (i) a balanced and unbiased set of PCs; and (ii) the PCs obtained by comparing all the elements against a reduced number of pivotal elements. This latter sample includes two practical cases: one in which the eliciting actor is more familiar with the pivotal specific elements; and another in which the Best-Worst method has been previously used to identify the two extreme elements under comparison. The approach employed, developed within linearisation theory, is supported with suitable proofs and examples.

Efficient sampling of pairwise comparisons in decision-making