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Fe 3 O 4  magnetic nanoparticles have been employed as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing Sb from aqueous solutions. However, the widespread application is limited by its finite adsorption capacity and aggregation nature. In this study, Al-doped Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles were prepared via a facile solvothermal method to break through the current obstacle. Al-doped Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed that Al atoms had been successfully doped into Fe 3 O 4  crystal unit cells, resulting in smaller particle size, larger surface area, and higher isoelectric point. These changes led to the formation of more hydroxyl groups on the surface of Al-doped Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles. Compared to pristine Fe 3 O 4 , the maximum adsorption capacity toward Sb(III) and Sb(V) increased from 111.695 to 197.034 mg/g and from 34.479 to 187.459 mg/g at neutral pH, respectively. The doping of Al also had some negative impact on the original magnetic strength but still maintained a sufficient magnetic separation potential. These results indicated that Al-doped Fe 3 O 4  nanoparticles could be employed as a promising adsorbent for removing Sb(III) and Sb(V) from wastewater.

Efficient removal of antimony from aqueous solution using Al-doped Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles: adsorption behavior and kinetics study