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The analysis of the influence of dehydration and solvation (by proton-donor reagents) of halide anions in the organic phase on the processes of their solvent extraction separation with salts of quaternary ammonium bases has been carried out. The possibility of a significant increase in the separation factors of anions in the F-Cl-Br-I series due to endothermic dehydration of amine salts (Aliquat 336) in systems with “weak” proton-donor reagents, such as chloroform has been shown. In particular, the separation factors of the Cl/F pair increase by almost 15 times when going from Aliquat 336 solutions in toluene to extractant solutions in chloroform, for the Br/Cl pair, this increase is up to 5 times, and for I/Cl, about 3 times. In similar systems with additions of alcohols and phenols to the extractant (exothermic dehydration), there is a significant deterioration in the separation parameters of halides. The conclusions are confirmed by the data of  1 H NMR studies, which also made it possible to establish some details of the processes of dehydration of amine salts in the studied systems.

Effect of solvation-dehydration of quaternary ammonium base salts in the organic phase on the selectivity of anion-exchange extraction