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The loss of soil from lands due to erosion has a negative effect on ecosystems and food security.  Bacillus  due to high catabolic capability is an appropriate candidate for application in biocementation process. The aim of this study is isolate and characterize  Bacillus  sp. with biocementation capability from various ecosystems. The isolates were separated from 400 samples, and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods include the amplification and sequencing analysis of  gyrA  and 16S rRNA genes. Growth in presence of urea, in different salinity, pH, and temperature, also scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and wind tunnel analysis were applied to determine biocementation ability. A total number of 195 isolates were recovered from environmental samples, of which 25 isolates (12.82%) were identified as urease-positive  Bacillus  which belonged to 10 species consisting of  Bacillus subtilis  five strains (20%),  Bacillus vallismortis  and  Bacillus seohaeanensis  four strains (16%) each,  Bacillus mobilis ,  Bacillus pseudofirmus ,  Bacillus cohnii ,  Bacillus cereus ,  Bacillus alkalinitrilicus  two strains (8%) each, and  Bacillus sphaericus  and  Bacillus megaterium  one strain (4%) each. Moreover, 15 urease-positive isolates (7.7%) belonging to  Ralostenia ,  Actinomycete , and  Halomonas  genera were identified. Optimum conditions for microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) by isolates are 30 °C, pH 9, and 6% salinity. The highest rate of calcium carbonate formation and urease activity recorded in  B. subtilis  with 24.15 mg/mL of calcium carbonate and 4.40 × 10 3  unit/L of urease, followed by  B. mobilis  and  B. alkalinitrilicus  with 22.85 mg/mL of calcium carbonate and 3.93 × 10 3  unit/L of urease. After MICP the lowest soil loss ratio at a flow rate of 90 km/h, was observed in  B. subtilis  100-fold reduction, followed by  B. seohaeanensis ,  B. cereus ,  B. vallismortis , with 90, 85, 80-folds reduction, respectively. Results indicate that the diversity of  Bacillus  sp. offers the potential ability for adaptation to harsh and untapped environments, also showed that the use of MICP on the soil surface can have a very significant role in reducing soil losses due to wind erosion.

geomicrobiology journal

Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) Potential of Ureolytic  Bacillus  sp. Isolated from the Soil of Eroded Ecosystems for Stabilizing and Improving the Fertility of Eroded Soils