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Although its theoretical and methodological applications have been discussed since the 1970s, the theoretical framework of the four basic systems of practice has not been widely used to analyze or explain critical real-world social work practice problems. This qualitative study adopted and advanced the four basic systems of practice framework to analyze the current status and future directions of trauma-informed social work service among COVID-19-affected communities in Wuhan, China. Fourteen frontline social workers who directly served COVID-19 survivors were recruited and completed semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed that COVID-19 survivors experienced physical and psychological posttraumatic stress from their infection and, after recovery, trauma from discrimination in their communities and on the job market. Interviewed social workers reported a lack of power and skills to provide efficient and adequate services. The roles of the acting parties in the action systems were also identified. Building on these findings, this article proposes several key objectives in the target systems that could contribute to the develop future trauma-informed systems of social service practice.

Toward Four Basic Systems of Trauma-Informed Practice for COVID-19-Affected Communities in China: Framework Analysis from Social Workers’ Perspectives