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In this study, we evaluated the  in vitro  effects of 1–50 μM zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) on rabbit spermatozoa for as much as 8 h of  in vitro  exposure. Our results indicate that all sperm quality parameters were negatively affected by these fusariotoxins in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The most prominent structure affected by ZEA was the plasma membrane, exhibiting alterations consistent with the onset of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. This correlated with the most prominent decline of the sperm motility among all selected fusariotoxins. Significant necrotic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction were primarily responsible for the sperm damage in the presence of T-2. Finally, exposure of spermatozoa to DON led to a significant decrease in the DNA integrity. This study may provide new information on the specific mechanisms of action involved in the  in vitro  toxic behavior of fusariotoxins on male gametes.

drug and chemical toxicology

Comparative analysis of the detrimental  in vitro  effects of three fusariotoxins on the selected structural and functional characteristics of rabbit spermatozoa