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Scorzonera austriaca  Wild is a traditional herbal medicine; however, little is known with regard to the effect of flavonoids from S.  austriaca  (FSA) on liver injury induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), especially the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, our paper was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of FSA against CCl 4 -induced acute liver injury  in vitro  and  in vivo , with focus on its potential mechanism. The purity of FSA prepared by using polyporous resin column chromatography could reach 94.5%, and seven flavonoid compounds in FSA were identified by using LC-ESI-MS analysis.  In vivo  results showed that FSA markedly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Furthermore,  in vivo  and  in vitro  results confirmed that FSA could inhibit inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) through inactivating toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. FSA activated autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3B-II/I and decreasing the protein level of p62 so as to exert its hepatoprotective effect. In general, these evidences suggested that FSA is likely to serve as a potential material for the drugs against chemical hepatic injury.

drug and chemical toxicology

The evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from  Scorzonera austriaca  Wild against CCl 4 -induced acute liver injury  in vitro  and  in vivo