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While male infertility has been associated with  Mycoplasma  infections, few studies have investigated the association between  Mycoplasma  infection and male infertility. Therefore, this study aimed at addressing this issue. Semen samples were collected from 136 patients (68 infertile men and 68 fertile men) in the Central Laboratory of Yazd, Iran. Of semen samples collected from 68 infertile and 68 fertile men, 13 (19.12%) and 2 (2.94%) cases were positive for  Mycoplasma  spp. using PCR, respectively. Among  Mycoplasma -infected infertile men, 10 and 6 men showed abnormal sperm morphology and motility, respectively. None of the positive samples for  Mycoplasma  spp. was positive for  M. hominis  and one of the positive samples for  Mycoplasma  spp. belonged to  Mycoplasma hyorhinis  (strain NBRC 14858). The presence of  Mycoplasma  spp. was significantly higher in infertile men ( p  = .003).  Mycoplasma  infection was relatively high in infertile men. The surprising issue was the absence of  M. hominis  and the presence of  M. hyorhinis  strain NBRC 14858 in the semen of infertile men. Therefore, investigating reproductive tract infections caused by other  Mycoplasma  spp. should be taken into consideration in male infertility.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject?Mycoplasma hyorhinis  has been mostly reported as a cause of animal respiratory tract infections and the development of various cancers. Information on the association of  M. hyorhinis  with male infertility is not yet available.What do the results of this study add?  This study shows that the presence of  M. hyorhinis  in the semen of infertile men may be associated with infertility. This study shows that the investigation of unpredictable species of genus  Mycoplasma  such as  M. hyorhinis  in the semen of infertile men is essential.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?  The results of the present study indicate that in addition to  M. genitalium  and  M. hominis , studies on the role of  M. hyorhinis  in reproductive tract infections and infertility should be expanded. What is already known on this subject?Mycoplasma hyorhinis  has been mostly reported as a cause of animal respiratory tract infections and the development of various cancers. Information on the association of  M. hyorhinis  with male infertility is not yet available. What do the results of this study add?  This study shows that the presence of  M. hyorhinis  in the semen of infertile men may be associated with infertility. This study shows that the investigation of unpredictable species of genus  Mycoplasma  such as  M. hyorhinis  in the semen of infertile men is essential. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research?  The results of the present study indicate that in addition to  M. genitalium  and  M. hominis , studies on the role of  M. hyorhinis  in reproductive tract infections and infertility should be expanded.

Association between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and male infertility