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Methane (CH 4 ) is an important greenhouse gas; however, there is a lack of large-scale studies on ground-level CH 4  concentrations. We estimated global ground-level CH 4  concentrations based on the CH 4  columns from the Copernicus Sentinel-5 precursor satellite (S5P) and vertical profiles of CH 4  concentrations simulated from the Atmospheric Chemical Transport Model (GEOS-Chem). The proposed approach had achieved a high predictive accuracy for monthly ground-level CH 4  concentrations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93 ( p  &lt; 0.01) and RMSE of 29.93 ppb between the estimated CH 4  concentrations and those of ground measurements from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG). Compared with the S5P CH 4  columns, the estimated ground-level CH 4  concentration has a close spatial relationship with emissions. The high CH 4  concentrations occurred in eastern China, northern India, western Russia, eastern U.S., and central Europe. Furthermore, the estimated ground-level CH 4  concentrations could reflect the seasonal variations of the observations, with correlation coefficients from 0.14 to 0.92. Our findings highlight the importance of satellite observations on atmospheric CH 4  in understanding the spatial and temporal emissions.

Estimating ground-level CH 4 concentrations inferred from Sentinel-5P