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The demand for present energy needs is met by many non-conventional methods and the use of solar collectors is one of the promising non-conventional methods to harvest electric energy. The solar collector efficiency can be increased by modifying the geometry and material of the collector or by introducing nanoparticles into the base fluid. In the present paper, the contribution of carbon nanotubes (CNT), geometrical and other parameters to enhance the heat transfer rate is discussed. The CNT has the highest thermal conductivity among all metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles and a review on preparation techniques of CNT was carried out. The effect of stability of working fluid, influence of diameter, length and type of CNT, volume concentration, type of base fluid, type of reflux acid, type of surfactant, sonication period, and temperature on heat transfer rate are also addressed. The CNT based nanofluid enhances the 20–30% efficiency of the solar collector.

A review on the influence of carbon nanotube parameters in the base fluid to increase heat transfer in the solar collector