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In India, PV integration with the low-voltage distribution system is growing rapidly. PV systems require embodied energy for their construction; additionally, they give energy support to the grid and also have an impact on grid parameters including Power Factor (PF), Maximum Demand (MD) and capacitive reactive-power (Q) requirement. Analysing the impact of PV integration on grid supply parameters, including performance and embodied energy-based-energy metrics is the current need. The study is performed by real-time data monitoring on 100-kWp grid-integrated PV in a composite environment. The annual average final yield:(3.76 kWh/kWp/day), system efficiency:(10.89%), performance ratio:(72.15%), energy pay-back time:(6.19 years), electricity production-factor:(4.04) and life cycle conversion efficiency:(12.50%) suggest that the system is energy efficient. The integration of PV with the grid has reduced the average PF and MD to 0.91 (lagging) and 133.63 kVA, respectively, whereas Q has increased to 28.67 kVAR. With a Levelised-cost-of-electricity:(LCOE) of Rs 6.19, the system has a pay-back of 5.29 years.

Integration of 100-kWp PV with low-voltage distribution power system in composite climate: performance and energy metrics analysis