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This present experimental work deals with the investigation of lotus biodiesel with different blends in addition to  n -butanol as an ignition improver. The blends start with pure diesel (D100), D90L8B2, D80L16B4, D70L24B6 and 6%  n -butanol and L100. The experimental results observed at full load condition (100%) the fuel D70L24B6; achieved the fuel efficiency by 28%, whereas D70L24B6 attained the lowest BSFC; decrease in BSFC of 7%. The in-cylinder pressure was 73 bar for the fuel D70L24B6, After the fuel D100, the maximum HRR was 84.1 kJ for the fuel D70L24B6. The lowest CO emissions were found for the fuel L100, which decreases CO emissions by 17.2% compared to D100. The lowest CO 2  emissions were found for the fuel D90L8B2 fuel, a decrease of 5.49% compared to D100. The lowest HC emissions were found for the fuel L100, a decrease in HC emission rate by 16.1% compared to pure diesel. The lowest NO x  emissions were found for the fuel L100, but there is an increase in NO x  emission rate by 8% compared to D100, because of higher oxygen content in biodiesel.

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder DI diesel engine fuelled with lotus biodiesel-diesel- n -butanol blends