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A mathematical model for the two-layered fluid flow with the presence of nanoparticles mixed with blood in the core region through an artery with having soft stenosis is considered for the study. The nanoparticle mixed with base blood in the core region is a non-Newtonian fluid and the fluid (blood without having nanoparticles) in the peripheral layer is a Newtonian fluid means only blood flow. Thermal effects on the blood flow characteristics in the presence of nanoparticles in the core region of the artery with mild stenosis have been examined and analysed. The analytical solutions i.e. the closed-form mathematical expressions for blood flow (two-fluid model) characteristics, namely, the velocities, temperature and concentration distribution are obtained to solve the governing equations using the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effect of various physical characteristics of fluid flow on the resistance to the flow and wall shear stress are analysed graphically. A novel result is found that the resistance of fluid flow increases when the viscosity of the fluid in the peripheral layer enhances but the shear at the wall diminishes. The steam lines are drawn to explore the flow pattern and characteristics of momentum transfer.

Thermal effects of two immiscible fluids in a stenosed tube with nanoparticles in the core region