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Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.10 Ti 0.90 O 3  (BCZT) lead-free ceramics were prepared by sol–gel technique, and the influence of sintering temperature on phase evolution and electrical properties has been investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the BCZT ceramics sintered at 850°C do not well crystallized into perovskite phase and orthorhombic-tetragonal biphase coexists at higher sintering temperatures (1250–1350°C). The average grain size increases from 0.23 to 1.37 μm as the sintering temperature increases from 850 to 1400°C. The dielectric properties improve with increasing sintering temperature up to 1300°C. The BCZT ceramics sintered at 1300°C exhibit enhanced dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties with high dielectric constant  ϵ ′ ∼ 3470, low loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.053, spontaneous polarization  P s ∼ 12 μC/cm 2 , remnant polarization  P r ∼ 2.35 μC/cm 2  and coercive field  E c ∼ 1.13 kV/cm and high  d33  ∼ 367 pCN −1  while simultaneously maintaining a high  T cabove 100°C.

phase transitions

Phase evolution and enhanced electrical properties in Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.10 Ti 0.90 O 3  lead-free ceramics prepared at different sintering temperatures