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The structure and kinetics of thephase and its crystallization reaction were studied under nonisothermal conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Four isoconversional methods, including Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), and Starink, were used to determine the variation in crystallization activation energywith temperature. When the temperature increases by 12 K, the crystallization activation energy ofwas reduced by a factor ofin the Friedman method and by a factor of4.4 in the remaining methods. The observed behavior ofas a function of the conversion fraction ( α ) reveals the multistep mechanism for the formation of the respective phase of. This study also investigated the effect of different heating rates on the reaction model,  g ( α ), in which the chemical reaction rate and the reactant kinetic energy increased by increasing the heating rate.

Non-isothermal kinetics of phase transformation for the intermetallic CoSn 3 phase