English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Simple fixed bed models such as the Bohart–Adams and Thomas equations are often used to describe the breakthrough characteristics of water and air contaminant adsorption in fixed bed adsorbers. However, these popular models are confined to correlating highly symmetric breakthrough curves. The present study explores the feasibility of using two probability distributions (normal and log-normal) to track asymmetric breakthrough curves for water and air contaminant adsorption in fixed bed columns (ciprofloxacin, ammonium, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen sulfide). The normal and log-normal probability distributions provided accurate fits to the slightly asymmetric ciprofloxacin breakthrough curve. They also provided a good representation of the overall shape of the ammonium breakthrough curve, but failed to describe the leakage of ammonium during the initial period of column operation. The log-normal distribution was able to match the asymmetric HCI and H 2 S breakthrough curves. The normal distribution, by comparison, failed to describe these two asymmetric breakthrough curves. Because the log-normal distribution has a floating inflection point, it was very effective in describing the asymmetric HCI and H 2 S breakthrough curves that were sharp initially and then broadened significantly as the column approached saturation. The ability of the normal distribution to track such asymmetric breakthrough data was impeded by its invariant inflection point.

Fixed bed adsorption of water and air contaminants: analysis of breakthrough curves using probability distribution functions