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The reduction pathway of Co catalysts supported on untreated SiO 2  along with two pretreated SiO 2  support materials was investigated.  In situ  XRD studies clearly showed the likely reduction pathways of the cobalt oxides on the untreated SiO 2 , ethylene glycol pretreated SiO 2 , and annealing pretreated SiO 2  supports. Ethylene glycol pretreated SiO 2 -supported Co (Co/E–SiO 2 ) catalyst showed smaller metal crystallites, highly dispersed Co and high Co(hcp)/Co(fcc) ratio because of the high percentage of non-H-bonded silanols; however, the high percentage of the non-H-bonded silanols created a strong Co-SiO 2  interaction which caused a low degree of reduction of CoO resulting in lower FT activity. In contrast, the annealing pretreated SiO 2 -supported Co (Co/A–SiO 2 ) catalyst did not significantly increase the percentage of non-H-bonded silanols and Co(hcp)/Co(fcc) ratio when compared with Co/E–SiO 2 , but it exhibited a better catalytic activity during FTS.

The effect of pretreatment on SiO 2 for Co-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts: a study of the reduction pathway