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This work studied the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and atrazine from agricultural wastewaters using activated carbon (AC). The main focus was applying the external mass transfer model (EMTM) and the pore volume and surface diffusion model (PVSDM) to predict the kinetic curves. Under predefined operating conditions of 25 mg/L, 298 K, and 150 rpm, the optimal adsorbent dosage was found as 1 g/L, and the removal percentage of 2,4-D and atrazine were 82% and 95%, respectively. The equilibrium data of 2,4-D and atrazine were accurately fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The thermodynamics parameters suggested that the adsorption was favorable, exothermic, and enthalpy-controlled. The external mass transfer was the rate-limiting mechanism in the adsorption of atrazine on AC ( Bi  &lt; 0.1), while both external mass transfer and surface diffusion simultaneously controlled the adsorption of 2,4-D on AC ( Bi : 3.82–4.52). The applicability of AC for treating agricultural wastewater showed a satisfactory efficiency, reaching 83% and 84% removal of 2,4-D and atrazine, respectively.

Mass transfer models for the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and atrazine herbicides from agricultural wastewaters