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The development of simple and cost-effective photocatalytic materials in the treatment of effluents containing organic compounds is of extreme importance. This work evaluated the influence of fluoride ions on the synthesis of spray-dried Nb 2 O 5 /Carbon Xerogel composites. The material processed in the system with high fluoride concentration showed the presence of hexagonal NbO 2 F and Nb 2 O 5  crystalline phases, whereas the material synthesized in lower fluoride concentration showed mainly the Nb 2 O 5  phase .  The higher content of the fluoride was detrimental to the adsorption capacity of the material and resulted in a significant reduction in the photocatalytic activity of spray-dried materials, probably due to the significant reduction in the specific surface area observed.

Effect of fluoride on the properties of spray-dried niobium-based composites: structure, porosity, particle size, morphology, and photoactivity