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This work aimed to evidence the potential use of tannin-based carbon xerogel as a co-catalyst in photocatalytic processes based on solar light. Specifically, the tin (IV) oxide/carbon xerogel photocatalyst (SnO 2 /XC) was developed with the objective of improving the photoactivity of tin (IV) oxide (SnO 2 ) under simulated solar light. The photocatalytic efficiency was determined by the degradation of the 4-chlorophenol molecule. The synthesis proposed in this work is based on a simple one-pot precipitation reaction, using black wattle tannin and tin chloride as precursors. The materials synthesized were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, adsorption isotherms, and chronoamperometry. Results showed the presence of tetragonal SnO 2  in the samples synthesized. Carbon xerogel addition led to an increased specific surface area (55% higher) and lower bandgap energy (from 3.64 eV to 3.58 eV). The photocatalytic evaluation shows that the SnO 2 /XC composite has superior photocatalytic efficiency (44% removal vs 20% for the SnO 2 ), obtaining a reaction rate constant (k app  = 0.00172 min −1 ) which is nearly double the one obtained by the pure SnO 2  (k app  = 0.00096 min −1 ). The chronoamperometric results indicated that the proposed modification enhanced the photocurrent generation and charge separation in the SnO 2 /XC, facilitating the formation of active radicals during the process and further degrading the reaction intermediates formed during the photodegradation process.

chemical engineering communications

Tannin-based carbon xerogel as a promising co-catalyst for photodegradation processes based on solar light: a case study using the tin (IV) oxide/carbon xerogel composite