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Lipophilicity is a crucial parameter for cytotoxicity of metal complexes, in many cases associated with increased activity. In the present study, we synthesized a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of different metals with a lipophilic benzimidazolium chloride to investigate and compare their cytotoxicity. Rh– ( 4 ), Ru– ( 5 ), and Ir–NHC ( 6 ) complexes of a cycloheptyl-substituted benzimidazole-based NHC ligand ( 1 ) have been prepared by transmetalation reaction between Ag–NHC and the corresponding metal compound. The newly synthesized complexes have been characterized by NMR, IR, LC-MS spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The anti-growth effects of the newly synthesized Rh–, Ru–, and Ir–NHC complexes and previously reported NHC precursor ( 1 ), Ag– ( 2 ), and Pd–NHC ( 3 ) complexes against human breast (MCF-7), colorectal (Caco-2), ovarian (A2780), and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cell lines have been investigated by MTT assay. The results revealed that the compounds provide stronger anti-growth effects against all cell lines compared to standard drug cisplatin. Among the compounds, benzimidazolium chloride, and Ag–NHC complex showed promising activities.

journal of coordination chemistry

Cytotoxic potential of silver, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and iridium complexes of a cycloheptyl-substituted lipophilic N-heterocyclic carbene ligand