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In this work, new substituted benzimidazolium salts  2a–d  having different groups on the side chain have been synthesized and reacted with Ag 2 O to produce Ag(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes  3a–d . Ag(I)-NHC complexes were used as a carben transfer agents to synthesize ruthenium(II)-NHC complexes  4a–d . The structures of all compounds were characterized by  1 H NMR,  13 C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The IC 50  values of these complexes were determined by MTT assay against  MCF7 ,  MDA-MB-231  and  HF  cancer cell lines. The lowest MIC values were obtained for two complexes,  4b  and  4d . The Ru(II)-NHC complexes generally triggered stronger bacterial growth inhibition than the metal-free benzimidazolium cations. Enzymatic inhibition investigation against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase (TyrE) showed that  4b  and  4d  are the most potent inhibitors against AchE with an IC 50  of 2.52 and 5.06 µg mL −1 , respectively, and against TyrE with an IC 50  of 19.88 and 24.95 µg mL −1 , respectively. Antioxidant activity of the synthesized NHC ligands  2a–2d  and their respective Ru(II)-NHC complexes  4a–4d  was assessed by three different techniques: the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the 2.2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging and the β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assay, showing that  4d  has recorded an important antioxidant activity.

journal of coordination chemistry

Ruthenium(II) complexes bearing benzimidazole-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative agents